标题：深圳地区儿童3年间主要过敏原的变迁

      作者：孙丽芳，龚思思，杨方华    (深圳市儿童医院检验科，广东 深圳 518000)

      卷次： 2018年29卷16期

      【摘要】 目的 分析深圳地区儿童的主要过敏原在2014-2016年的分布及变迁情况，为儿童过敏性疾病的临床诊断、治疗和预防提供依据。方法 依据深圳儿童医院近3年来对疑似过敏性疾病的儿童应用 Immuno CAP 250过敏原检测系统检测特异性 IgE (sIgE)和贝克曼DXI800化学发光仪检测总 IgE (tIgE)的结果，统计每种 sIgE和 tIgE的检测量、阳性检出量和阳性率，并对阳性检出量进行排序分析。结果 三年间22 721例儿童中总 IgE的阳性率为27.09%，其中牛奶、鸡蛋白和小麦为主要的食物性过敏原，致敏阳性率分别为45.96%、38.39%和10.98%；户尘螨、屋尘和粉尘螨为主要吸入性过敏原，致敏阳性率分别为65.08%、61.70%和46.20%；不同性别阳性率比较，男童总 IgE阳性率为 29.81%，女童总 IgE阳性率为 22.30%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；男女童户尘螨 sIgE阳性率分别为66.901%和 61.14%，男女童粉尘螨 sIgE阳性率分别为 49.34%和 40.67%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 深圳地区儿童主要食物性过敏原是牛奶、鸡蛋白和小麦，主要吸入性过敏原是户尘螨、屋尘和粉尘螨，且不同性别儿童过敏原结构存在差异。3年间粉尘螨，蟑螂呈逐年下降趋势，其他过敏原变化相对稳定。
      【关键词】 深圳地区；过敏原；儿童；总 IgE；特异性 IgE
      【中图分类号】 R392.8 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2018）16—2274—05

Changes of major allergens in 3 years in children in Shenzhen.
SUN Li-fang, GONG Si-si, YANG Fang-hua.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the distribution and changes in major allergens from 2014 to 2016 amongchildren in Shenzhen, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of children allergic dis-ease. Methods The specific IgE (sIgE) of allergen was detected by ImmunoCAP 250 allergen detection system, and theserum total IgE (tIgE) was detected by Beckman DXI800 chemiluminescent meter. According to the test results in Shen-zhen Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2016, the test number, positive number and positive rate of each sIgE and tIgEwere recorded, and then the positive number were ranked and analyzed. Results The positive rate of tIgE was 27.09%in 22 721 children during the past three years. Milk, egg white and wheat were the major food allergens, and their posi-tive rates were 45.96%, 38.39% and 10.98%, respectively. Household dust mites, house dust and dust mite were the ma-jor inhaled allergens, and their positive rates were 65.08%, 61.70% and 46.20%, respectively. The tIgE positive rate was29.81% for boys versus 22.30% for girls (P<0.05). The house dust mite slgE positive rates of boys and girls are 66.91%and 61.14% (P<0.05), and dust mite sIgE was 49.34% and 40.67% respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Milk, egg whiteand wheat were the major food allergens, and household dust mites, house dust and dust mite were the major inhaled al-lergens among children in Shenzhen. There may be differences in the allergen structure of different gender children. Inthe past 3 years, the dust mite and cockroaches appeared a decreasing trend year by year, while other allergens changedrelatively steadily during the past 3 years.
      【Key words】 Shenzhen; Allergens; Children; Total IgE (tIgE); Specific IgE (slgE)·论 著·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2018.16.015基金项目：广东省深圳市科创委项目(编号：JCYJ20150403100317063)