标题：11 200例狂犬病暴露人群预防处置情况分析

      作者：曾权威 1，官映清 2，邓思民 3，吴仲军 1，赖海丽 1，阮细河 1，曾佩霞 1，俞丽珍 1，汪秋梅 1，张贵兰 1    (1.广州医科大学附属深圳沙井医院狂犬疫苗接种门诊，广东 深圳 518104；2.深圳市宝安区人民医院传染科，广东 深圳 518101；3.深圳市光明新区人民医院传染科，广东 深圳 518106)

      卷次： 2018年29卷13期

      【摘要】 目的 分析狂犬病暴露人群的预防处置情况。方法 选择 2011年 1月至 2016年 12月期间在广州医科大学附属深圳沙井医院、深圳市宝安区人民医院以及深圳市光明新区人民医院就诊的 11 200例动物致伤患者进行回顾性研究，分析暴露等级、致伤动物、致伤部位、伤口处理、狂犬疫苗接种者年龄、性别分布、预防接种方式。结果 暴露等级以Ⅱ级为主，占79.4%；致伤动物最多为犬，占89.1%，其次为猫，占9.95%；致伤部位以四肢为主，尤其下肢为主，占47.0%；患者伤后以门诊处理为主，占91.2%；0~15岁人群暴露以男性为主，占15.0%，50岁以前人群男性暴露率高，51岁以后人群女性暴露率高；狂犬疫苗与狂犬疫苗联合狂犬免疫球蛋白两组患者伤后第一针均可100.0%完成，全程按时完成患者比率均减低，狂免+疫苗组为68.1%，狂犬疫苗为组64.0%。结论 狂犬病的预防与控制需要全社会共同关注与参与，相关部门应加大狂犬病防范知识宣传力度，加强宠物管理工作，规范开展狂犬病暴露预防处置工作，提高狂犬病疫苗全程接种率。
      【关键词】 狂犬病；暴露；狂犬疫苗；预防
      【中图分类号】 R512.99 【文献标识码】 C 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2018）13—1899—03

Analysis on prevention and treatment of rabies exposed population: 11 200 cases.
ZENG Quan-wei 1, GUANYing-qing 2, DENG Si-min 3, WU Zhong-jun 1, LAI Hai-li 1, RUAN Xi-he 1, ZENG Pei-xia 1, YU Li-zhen 1, WANGQiu-mei 1, ZHANG Gui-lan 1. 1. Rabies Vaccination Clinic, Shenzhen Shajing Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou MedicalUniversity, Shenzhen 518104, Guangdong, CHINA; 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Baoan District People'sHospital, Shenzhen Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, CHINA; 3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Guangming NewDistrict People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the prevention and treatment of rabies exposed population. Methods A to-tal of 11 200 patients injured by animals in Shenzhen Shajing Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Shenzhen Baoan District People's Hospital, and Shenzhen Guangming New District People's Hospital from January 2011to December 2016 were retrospectively studied. Then the levels of exposure, animals, injured parts, wound treatment,age of vaccination against rabies, sex distribution, and vaccination methods were studied. Results The exposure levelwas dominated by level Ⅱ (79.4%). The animals causing rabies were mostly dogs (89.1%), followed by cats (9.95%).The injured parts were mainly limbs, especially the lower limbs (47.0%). 91.2% of the patients were treated with outpa-tient treatment after injury. The 0-15 year old population were mainly male (15.0%). The incidence was higher in menthan women before the age of 50 years, while the incidence was higher in women after 51 years old. For vaccinationmethods, the first of the five needles after injury in the two groups could be completed by 100.0%, but all the five nee-dles were completed on time in 68.1% of the patients receiving rabies vaccine combined with rabies immunoglobulinand in 64.0% in the patients receiving rabies vaccine only. Conclusion Prevention and control of rabies need the com-mon concern and participation of the whole society. The relevant departments should strengthen the knowledge and pro-paganda of rabies prevention, strengthen pet management, standardize the prevention and treatment of rabies exposure,and improve the whole coverage rate of rabies vaccine.
      【Key words】 Rabies; Exposed; Rabies vaccine; Prevention·疾病监控·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2018.13.038基金项目：广东省深圳市2016年度科技计划资助项目(编号：2016CX147)