标题：核酸检测技术在无偿献血者血液筛查中的应用

      作者：黄小珍，曾宾，刘佳霖    (梅州市中心血站检验科，广东 梅州 514021)

      卷次： 2018年29卷10期

      【摘要】 目的 探讨核酸检测技术在梅州市无偿献血者血液筛查中的应用效果。方法 选取梅州市2016年3月至 2017年 5月的 38 445名无偿献血者(男性 28 440名、女性 10 005名）作为研究对象，采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA）法对所有献血者的样本进行检查，并对ELISA单项呈阴性标本再进行核酸检测。观察无偿献血者的检测结果，针对HBsAg、抗-HCV和抗-HIV检测阴阳性进行分析，评价核酸检测的价值。结果 38 445份标本经血清学ELISA检测的阳性样本有461份，血清学ELISA检出阳性检出率为1.20%；37 984份血清学ELISA检测阴性的标本经核酸检测技术检测，结果显示有40例阳性，阳性检出率为0.10%。结论 当前梅州市地区的血清学ELISA检测合格中血液仍然存在输血传播疾病的风险存在，其主要是以输血感染HBV为主，将核酸检测技术合理应用到献血者的血液筛查中，能够进一步提高血液筛查质量，最大程度预防输血传播疾病的风险，有利于献血安全性的提高。
      【关键词】 核酸检测技术；无偿献血；血液筛查；应用
      【中图分类号】 R446.11 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2018）10—1465—03

Application of nucleic acid detection technology in blood screening of voluntary blood donors.
HUANG Xiao-zhen,ZENG Bin, LIU Jia-lin. Laboratory, Central Blood Bank of Meizhou City, Meizhou 514021, Guangdong, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the application effect of nucleic acid detection technology in blood screen-ing of voluntary blood donors in Meizhou city. Methods A total of 38 445 voluntary blood donors (28 440 males and10 005 females) from March 2016 to May 2017 in Meizhou city were selected as the research objects. All blood speci-mens from blood donors were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and nucleic acid detectiontechnology was performed on single negative samples of ELISA. The detection results of voluntary blood donors wereobserved to evaluate the value of nucleic acid detection technology from positive and negative detection results of HB-sAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV. Results The 461 positive samples were detected by ELISA from 38 445 blood donationsamples with positive rate of 1.20%. There was 40 positive cases detected by nucleic acid detection technology from37 984 ELISA negative samples, with positive rate of 0.10%. Conclusion At present, there is still a risk of transfu-sion-transmitted diseases in serological ELISA examination qualified blood samples in Meizhou, mainly for blood trans-fusion infected with HBV. The rational application of nucleic acid detection technology to the blood screening of blooddonors can further improve the quality of blood screening, prevent the risk of transfusion transmitted diseases to thegreatest extent, and is conducive to the safety of blood donation.
      【Key words】 Nucleic acid detection technology; Voluntary blood donation; Blood screening; Application·临床经验·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2018.10.043基金项目：广东省梅州市科技计划项目(编号：2014B110)