标题：2012-2016年海南省某三甲医院三种职业人群健康体检结果分析

      作者：王冬菊，黄小玲，钟丽，曾渝，王雅洁，何月梅，武大伟    (海南医学院管理学院，海南 海口 571199)

      卷次： 2018年29卷8期

      【摘要】 目的 了解公务员、医务人员和高校教师等三种职业体检人群健康状况及变化趋势，为相关部门有针对性的实施健康管理提供理论依据。方法 选取2012-2016年在海南医学院第一附属医院进行健康体检的三类单位[政府机关(部门)、医疗机构和高校]体检人群为研究对象，各年度参检人数分别为2 581人、1 533人、2 730人、1 704人和3 150人，运用描述性方法分析2012-2016年超重、血压偏高、总胆固醇偏高、低密度脂蛋白偏高、甘油三酯偏高、血糖偏高、尿酸升高和脂肪肝等8项指标体检结果及其变化趋势，采用χ2检验统计分析不同职业间上述各项指标的差异。结果 2012-2016年，总胆固醇异常检出率在 5年体检中均占首位，分别为 31.00%、40.77%、37.47%、60.62%、46.16%，其中公务员总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白异常检出率分别从2012年的32.07%和14.48%上升到2016年的 65.70%和 58.26%；医务人员总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白异常检出率分别从 2012年的 28.61%和 12.23%上升到2015年的62.42%和42.58%；高校教师总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和血压异常检出率分别从2012年的33.33%、14.42%和6.34%上升到2016年的49.33%、39.04%和17.00%。两两比较结果显示：2016公务员的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血糖、超重、脂肪肝等五项指标异常检出率均明显高于教师和医务人员，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 各单位应重视职工的体检工作，对总胆固醇水平定期检测，早发现、早治疗。此外，公务员患心血管相关疾病健康风险加大，应加强该职业群体健康教育和行为干预，倡导健康的生活方式，从而进一步改善健康状况。
      【关键词】 海南；职业人群；健康体检；结果分析
      【中图分类号】 R194.3 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2018）08—1100—04

Analysis on the results of health examination of three occupational groups in a top three hospital in Hainan from2012 to 2016.
WANG Dong-ju, HUANG Xiao-ling, ZHONG Li, ZENG Yu, WANG Ya-jie, HE Yue-mei, WU Da-wei.Department of Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the health status and trends of three occupational groups (civil servants,medical staffs and college teachers), so as to provide theoretical basis for relevant departments to implement health man-agement pertinently. Methods The individuals from three types of institutions (Government agencies (departments),medical institutions, and colleges and universities) who conducted physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital ofHainan Medical University from 2012 to 2016 were selected as the research objects, and the number of participants in eachyear was 2 581, 1 553, 2 730, 1 704 and 3 150. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the physical examination resultsof eight indicators, including overweight, high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hightriglycerides, high blood sugar, elevated uric acid and fatty liver from each year. The χ2 test was used to analyze the differ-ent occupations between the various indicators of the differences. Results From 2012 to 2016, the detection rate of to-tal cholesterol abnormality was the highest in each year, accounting for 31.00%, 40.77%, 37.47%, 60.62% and 46.16%.Among them, the detection rate of total cholesterol and LDL among civil servants rose from 32.07% and 14.48% in 2012to 65.70% and 58.26% in 2016, respectively. The detection rate of total cholesterol and LDL among medical staff rosefrom 28.61% and 12.23% in 2012 to 62.42% and 42.58% in 2015. The detection rates of total cholesterol, LDL, and ab-normal blood pressure in university teachers increased from 33.33%, 14.42% and 6.34% in 2012 to 49.33%, 39.04% and17.00% in 2016 respectively. The results of comparison show that the abnormal detection rate of total cholesterol, LDL,blood sugar, overweight, and fatty liver of civil servants in 2016 were significantly higher than those of teachers andmedical staffs, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion All units should attach importance to thephysical examination of workers and carry out regular testing on total cholesterol levels, to obtain early detection and ear-ly treatment. In addition, the civil servants has increased risk with cardiovascular disease, health education and behavior-al intervention in this occupational group should be strengthened, so as so promote healthy lifestyles, and further im-prove health status.
      【Key words】 Hainan; Occupational groups; Physical examination; Analysis of results·论 著·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2018.08.019基金项目：海南省重点研发计划软科学方向项目(编号：ZDYF2016200)