标题：海口市儿童创伤流行病学调查研究

      作者：赵婧梅 1，陈茂松 1，安 涛 1，林溪明 2
    (1.海南医学院附属医院儿科，海南 海口 570102；
2.海南省人民医院急诊科，海南 海口 570102)

      卷次： 2015年26卷21期

      【摘要】 目的 调查海口市儿童创伤流行病学规律，了解儿童创伤的发生规律，为儿童创伤的预防和治疗
提供客观依据。方法 建立儿童患者急诊创伤登记本，收集2012年1月1日至2014年12月31日到海南医学院
附属医院和海南省人民医院急诊外科就诊的儿童创伤患者信息，应用SPSS18.0统计学软件进行统计学分析。
结果 共收集儿童创伤患者1 296例，男女性别比例为1.22:1，性别差别在1~4岁组之间不明显(P>0.05)，但5~14
岁组之间中男童多于女童(P<0.05)；1~4岁组儿童最多，在5~14岁组随着年龄的增大，儿童创伤患者的数目逐渐
减少(P<0.05)；受伤时间方面，在全天时间分布上，11:00~13:00、18:00~22:00为创伤发生高峰时间；全年时间分布
上，7~8月、1~2月创伤高发；儿童创伤主要发生地点为家庭和学校。跌倒/坠落伤是主要致伤原因，在所有年龄段
中均为首位；交通事故在 9~14岁组最高，烧烫伤的发生率在 0~1岁组最高，锐器伤的发生率在 5~8岁组最高，
儿童意外伤害的原因在不同年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；创伤部位主要为四肢、头面部；创伤严重程度评
分，轻伤 (ISS<16分)占 95.76%，严重创伤 (ISS≥16分)占 4.24%；海口市儿童创伤的院前时间小于 1 h者占
76.67%，1~2 h之间占 13.65%，院前时间均大于 2 h者占 9.95%。结论 儿童创伤具有自身的流行病学特征，政
府、学校、家庭和医院应该共同参与，制定儿童创伤科学的预防和救治措施，保障儿童的生命健康。

      【关键词】 儿童；创伤；流行病学特征

      【中图分类号】 R726 【文献标识码】 D 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2015）21—3256—04


Investigation and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of child trauma in Haikou.
ZHAO Jing-mei 1,
CHEN Mao-song 1, AN Tao 1, LIN Xi-ming 2. 1. Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical
University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, CHINA; 2. Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou
570102, Hainan, CHINA

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of child trauma in Haikou, analyze
the regularity of child trauma, and provide basis for the prevention and treatment. Methods A dedicated survey re-
cord was established. The epidemiological information of children with trauma were collected in the Affiliated Hospi-
tal of Hainan Medical University and People's Hospital of Hainan Province from Jan. 1, 2012 to Dec. 31 2014, which
were then analyzed by SPSS18.0. Results A total of 1 296 cases of child trauma were collected, with male to female
ratio of 1.22:1. The 1~4 age group showed no statistically difference in gender (P>0.05), but the 5~14 age group had
more male patients than female patients (P<0.05). Trauma occurred mostly in the children of 1~4 age group, and the
number of children with trauma decreased with the growing of age in the 5~14 age group (P<0.05). Trauma tended to
happen mostly in 18:00~22:00, 11:00-13:00 of a day, and July to August and January to February of a year. The loca-
tions were mostly home and school. Fall was the leading cause of unintentional injury, with traffic accidents most dis-
tributed in 9~14 age group, burn most distributed in 0~1 age group, sharp most distributed in 5~8 age group. The
causes of unintentional injuries showed statistically significant difference between different age groups (P<0.05). The
leading trauma parts of the body were limbs, followed by head and face. For the degree of trauma, the patients with
slight injury (ISS≤16) accounted for 95.76%, and the patients with severe injury accounted for 4.24%. 76.67%of the
patients got into the hospital in one hour, with 13.65% in 1~2 h and 9.95% more than 2 h. Conclusion Government,
school, hospitals and parents should develop effective new options for prevention and treatment on the base of the epi-
demiological characteristics of child trauma, in order to ensure the health of children.

      【Key words】 Children; Trauma; Epidemiological characteristics
基金项目：海南省医药卫生科研项目(编号：2014034)