标题：角色适应性健康教育对初产妇产后角色转换及育婴能力的影响

      作者：杜小花，张倩，王姣    安康市中心医院产科，陕西 安康 725000

      卷次： 2023年34卷1期

      【摘要】 目的 探讨角色适应性健康教育对初产妇产后角色转换及育婴能力的影响。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年10月期间在安康市中心医院分娩的318例初产妇为研究对象，利用简单随机抽样法分为对照组和观察组各159例，对照组产妇采用常规产科护理干预措施，观察组产妇则在对照组基础上采用角色适应性健康教育。比较干预后两组初产妇产后的康复情况、产后机体状况、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、母亲角色适应情况以及育婴能力。结果 干预后，观察组初产妇产后的泌乳始动时间、子宫进入盆腔时间、血性恶露持续时间及住院时间明显短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组初产妇产后的急性乳腺炎、子宫复旧不良、体质量控制不佳发生率分别为1.26%、1.26%、3.77%，明显低于对照组的8.18%、10.69%、17.61%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组初产妇产后2 d、6周的HAMD和HAMA评分明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组初产妇产后的母亲角色适应良好率为 94.97%，明显高于对照组的 81.13%，且角色缺如率为3.77%，明显低于对照组的13.84%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组初产妇的新生儿抚触、新生儿沐浴、新生儿脐部护理正确率分别为 92.45%、94.97%、85.53%，明显高于对照组的 78.62%、77.36%、70.44%，母乳喂养率为96.23%，明显高于对照组的86.16%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 角色适应性健康教育应用于初产妇产后效果良好，有利于其尽快适应母亲角色转换，可促进初产妇产后孕婴能力的提高。
      【关键词】 角色适应性健康教育；初产妇；产后；角色转换；育婴能力
      【中图分类号】 R473.71 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2023）01—0114—05

Effects of role-adaptive health education on postpartum role transition and child-rearing ability of primipara.
DUXiao-hua, ZHANG Qian, WANG Jiao. Department of Obstetrics, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effects of role-adaptive health education on postpartum role transitionand child-rearing ability of primiparas. Methods A total of 318 primiparas admitted to the Ankang Central Hospital be-tween September 2020 and October 2021 were enrolled. According to simple random sampling method, they were divid-ed into a control group and an observation group, with 159 patients in each group. The patients in the control group weregiven routine obstetric nursing interventions, while the patients in the observation group were additionally givenrole-adaptive health education on the basis of the control group. The postpartum rehabilitation, postpartum physical con-ditions, scores of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), maternal role adaptationand child-rearing ability were compared between the two groups after intervention. Results After intervention, the post-partum lactation initiation time, time of uterus entering pelvic cavity, bloody lochia duration, and length of hospital stayin the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P<0.05). The incidence rates of postpartum acute mastitis, poor uterine involution, and poor weight control of pri-miparous women in the observation group were 1.26%, 1.26%, and 3.77%, which were significantly lower than 8.18%,10.69%, and 17.61% in the control group (P<0.05). At 2 days and 6 weeks after delivery, the scores of HAMD and HAMAin the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P<0.05). The good rate of maternal role-adaptive in the observation group was 94.97%, which was significantlyhigher than 81.13% in the control group, while the role absent rate was 3.77%, significantly lower than 13.84% in the con-trol group (P<0.05). The correct rates of neonatal touch, neonatal bathing, and neonatal umbilical care in the observationgroup were 92.45%, 94.97%, and 85.53%, which were higher than78.62%, 77.36%, 70.44% in the control group, and thebreastfeeding rate was 96.23%, significantly higher than 86.16% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The appli-cation of role-adaptive health education in primipara postpartum has a good effect, which is conducive to adapting to themother's role transformation as soon as possible, and can promote the improvement of primipara postpartum child-rear-ing ability.
      【Key words】 Role-adaptive health education; Primipara; Postpartum; Role transformation; Child-rearing ability　　　·护理·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2023.01.026基金项目：陕西省安康市科学技术研究发展计划(编号：AK2020-SF-16)。第一作者：杜小花(1981—)，女，副主任护师，主要研究方向为护理。