标题：儋州市2010-2014年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

      作者：冯元贵，梁奕卫，胡波
    (儋州市疾病预防控制中心，海南 儋州 571700)

      卷次： 2016年27卷1期

      【摘要】 目的 分析儋州市疑似异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征，评价疫苗的安全性和预防接种质量。方法 通
过疑似预防接种反应信息系统，收集2010-2014年累计报告的AEFI数据，采用流行病学描述性统计方法，对相关指
标进行分析。结果 2010-2014年儋州市共报告AEFI个案 452例，年均发生率 20.72/10万，其中一般反应占
73.45%，异常反应占25.00%，耦合反应占1.55%。接种单位的报告覆盖率未达到100%，报告卡和调查表完整率为
100%，48 h内报告率和调查率均>90%。报告的AEFI主要集中在6~9月；那大镇、东成镇和两院报告AEFI居全市
前三位；男女性别比1.58:1，≤1岁占52.43%。一类疫苗中AEFI发生率居前三位的分别为含麻疹成分疫苗、百白破
(白破)疫苗和乙脑疫苗；二类疫苗发生率居前三位分别为霍乱疫苗、23价肺炎疫苗和水痘疫苗。90.04%的AEFI发
生在接种疫苗 1 d以内。临床损害中一般性反应以发热/红肿/硬结为主(100%)；异常反应中以过敏性皮疹为主
(52.21%)。56.63 %的AEFI发生在疫苗接种首针。结论 疫苗的安全性和预防接种质量较好，但AEFI监测系统的
敏感性较低，监测和报告质量有待提高。小年龄组儿童和首针疫苗接种为重点监测内容。

      【关键词】 疑似预防接种异常反应；疫苗；监测

      【中图分类号】 R186 【文献标识码】 C 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2016）01—0153—04


Study on the surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Danzhou during 2010-2014.
FENG
Yuan-gui, LIANG Yi-wei, HU Bo. Danzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Danzhou 571700, Hainan, CHINA

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the features of the occurrence of adverse events following (AEFI) in Dan-
zhou, and to evaluate the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization services. Methods The AEFI data of Dan-
zhou during the period of 2010-2014 were collected through China Information System for NIP Surveillance. The de-
scriptive methodology was used to analyze the related factors. Results A total of 452 AEFI cases were reported in Dan-
zhou from 2010 to 2014, and the incidence rate was 20.72/100 000, with general events accounting for 73.45%, abnor-
mal events occupying 25.00% and coincident cases accounting for 1.55%. The coverage of the vaccination unit reported
did not reach 100%. The complete rate of report card and the questionnaire was 100%, and the reporting rate and the in-
vestigation rate within 48 h were both >90%. The report rate and questionnaire rate was 100%. AEFI was mainly report-
ed from June to September, and mostly in Nada, Dongcheng and Liangyuan, with the sex ratio (male to female) of 1.58:1
and the patients of no more than one year old accounting for 52.43%. The top 3 vaccines among the first category of vac-
cines with the highest incidence of AEFI were measles-containing vaccine, DPT vaccine and Japanese encephalitis vac-
cine, and the top 3 vaccines among the second category of vaccines with the highest incidence of AEFI were Cholera vac-
cine, 23 price pneumonia vaccine and chicken pox vaccine. Among the AEFI, 90.04% occurred within one day after vacci-
nation, and 56.63% occurred in the first dose of the vaccine. General events were mainly fever, swelling and indurations
(100%), while the abnormal events were mainly anaphylactic rash (52.21%). Conclusion The safety of vaccines and vac-
cination quality is good, but the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring system is low, with the quality of monitoring and reporting
needed to be improved. AEFI surveillance should paid special attention to young children and first-dose-vaccination.

      【Key words】 Adverse events following immunization (AEFI); Vaccine; Surveillance
·疾病监控·
6350.2016.01.053