标题：柳州地区5个民族人群ABO及Rh(D)血型基因频率调查

      作者：陆奉科，韦海春    柳州市妇幼保健院(广西科技大学附属妇产医院、儿童医院)输血科，广西 柳州 545001

      卷次： 2022年33卷14期

      【摘要】 目的 了解柳州地区5个民族人群中ABO及Rh (D)血型分布及基因频率特征，为临床输血提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2019—2021年在柳州市妇幼保健院就诊的侗族、壮族、苗族、瑶族和汉族64 323例患者的ABO、Rh (D)血型结果及其临床资料，对患者血型的分布频率和基因频率进行统计分析。结果 5个民族的ABO血型分布规律为O>B>A>AB，基因频率 r>q>p，对 5个民族的ABO血型观察值和期望值经吻合度检验，符合Har-dy-Weinberg 平衡定律；各少数民族血型分布间的两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，而汉族分别与侗族、苗族、瑶族、壮族的血型分布两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；5个民族Rh (D)阴性抗原表现频率分布较低(均小于0.5%)。结论 本地区5个民族人群的ABO血型分布规律如下，O基因频率较高而A基因频率较低；汉族与少数民族之间ABO血型分布可能存在一定差异；本地区少数民族的Rh (D)阴性频率较低，符合南方地区少数民族血型分布特征。
      【关键词】 柳州地区；少数民族；ABO血型；Rh (D)血型；基因频率；Hardy-Weinberg平衡
      【中图分类号】 R457.1+1 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2022）14—1856—03

A survey of ABO and Rh (D) blood group gene frequencies in five ethnic groups in Liuzhou area.
LU Feng-ke,WEI Hai-chun. Department of Blood Transfusion, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Gynecology and ObstetricsHospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University ofScience and Technology), Liuzhou 545001, Guangxi, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the distribution and gene frequency characteristics of ABO and Rh (D)blood types in the five ethnic groups in five areas in Liuzhou, and provide basis for clinical blood transfusion.Methods The ABO and Rh (D) blood group results and clinical data of 64 323 patients of Dong nationality, Zhuangnationality, Miao nationality, Yao nationality, and Han nationality in Liuzhou who were treated in Liuzhou Maternaland Child Health Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution frequency and gene fre-quency of patients' blood groups were statistically analyzed. Results The distribution rule of ABO blood type in thefive ethnic groups was O>B>A>AB, and the gene frequency was r>q>p. The observed value and expected value of theABO blood type of the five ethnic groups was found conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. There was nosignificant difference in the pairwise comparison of blood types distribution among the 5 ethnic groups (P>0.05), whilethe pairwise comparison of the blood types distribution of the Han nationality with the Dong nationality, Miao nationali-ty, Yao nationality, and Zhuang nationality showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The frequency of Rh (D)negative antigen expression in the 5 ethnic groups was low (all less than 0.5%). Conclusion The distribution rules ofABO blood type of the 5 ethnic groups in this region are as follows: the frequency of O gene is high and the frequency ofA gene is low; there may be some differences in blood type distribution between Han nationality and ethnic minorities;the frequency of Rh (D) negative antigen expression in ethnic minorities was low, which is in line with the blood typedistribution characteristics of ethnic minorities in southern region.
      【Key words】 Liuzhou area; Ethnic minorities; ABO blood type; Rh (D) blood type; Gene frequency; Har-dy-Weinberg equilibrium　　　·短篇论著·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2022.14.023基金项目：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹课题(编号：Z20190036)