标题：6~12月龄婴儿不同程度缺铁性贫血的神经心理发育状况和气质分析

      作者：钟健明，黎子武，许嘉欣    佛山市禅城区中心医院儿科，广东 佛山 528031

      卷次： 2022年33卷11期

      【摘要】 目的 探讨6~12月龄婴儿不同程度缺铁性贫血的神经心理发育状况和气质的特点。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月期间佛山市禅城区中心医院儿科收治的100例6~12月龄不同程度缺铁性贫血患儿的诊疗情况。按照患儿血红蛋白的情况分为轻度组(46例)、中度组(34例)和重度组(20例)，选取同期在我院进行健康检查的健康6~12月龄婴儿100例作为对照组。分别采用盖塞尔(Gesell)发育量表、气质量表(TTS)调查四组婴儿的神经心理发育状况及气质。结果 中度组、轻度组、对照组三组婴儿神经心理发育状况中大运动、精细动作、适应行为、语言、社交能力、发育商的得分明显高于重度组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，而中度组、轻度组、对照组三组婴儿神经心理发育状况中大运动、精细动作、适应行为、语言、社交能力、发育商的得分两两比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；中度组、轻度组与重度组的婴儿难养型、中间偏易养型的占比两两相比，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，重度组婴儿难养型占比明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，重度组婴儿中间偏易养型占比明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，四组婴儿中间偏难养型、启动缓慢型、易养型占比比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；重度组婴儿气质维度中的活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、情绪本质、坚持度、注意分散度、反应阈得分明显高于对照组、轻度组、中度组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，而对照组、轻度组、中度组婴儿的活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、情绪本质、坚持度、注意分散度、反应阈得分两两比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 6~12月龄婴儿不同程度缺铁性贫血会造成婴儿神经心理发育不良，养成消极气质；研究6~12月龄婴儿不同程度缺铁性贫血，能帮助医生及时掌握婴儿健康情况。
      【关键词】 6~12月龄；婴儿；缺铁性贫血；神经心理发育；气质类型
      【中图分类号】 R723 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2022）12—1432—04

Neuropsychological development and temperament analysis of infants with different degrees of iron deficiencyanemia aged 6 to 12 months.
ZHONG Jian-ming, LI Zi-wu, XU Jia-xin. Department of Pediatrics, Foshan ChanchengDistrict Central Hospital, Foshan 528031, Guangdong, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the neuropsychological development and temperament characteristics of in-fants with different degrees of iron deficiency anemia aged 6 to 12 months.Methods The diagnosis and treatment da-ta of 100 children with different degrees of iron deficiency anemia aged 6 to 12 months who were treated in Depart-ment of Pediatrics, Foshan Chancheng District Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were analyzedretrospectively. According to the hemoglobin of children, they were divided into mild group (46 cases), moderategroup (34 cases), and severe group (20 cases). A total of 100 healthy infants aged 6 to 12 months who underwenthealth examination at the same time were selected as the control group. The neuropsychological development and tem-perament characteristics of infants among the four groups were investigated by Gesell Development Schedules andToddler Temperament Scale (TTS). Results The scores of major motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, so-cial ability, and developmental quotient in the neuropsychological development of infants in the moderate group, mildgroup, and control group were significantly higher than those in the severe group (P<0.05); there were no significantdifferences in the scores of major motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, social ability, and developmentalquotient in the neuropsychological development of infants in the moderate group, mild group, and control group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of infants difficult to raise and infants intermediate easy toraise between moderate group, mild group, and severe group (P>0.05); the proportion of infants difficult to raise in thesevere group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the proportion of infants easy to raise inthe severe group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference inintermediate difficult, slow to warm up, and easy to raise among the four groups (P>0.05). The scores of activity level,rhythm, avoidance, adaptability, reaction intensity, emotional essence, persistence, attention dispersion, and reactionthreshold in the temperament dimension of infants in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the con-trol group, mild group, and moderate group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in activity level, rhythm,avoidance, adaptability, reaction intensity, emotional essence, persistence, attention dispersion, and response threshold