标题：北京丰台地区6 508例29种常见过敏原特异性IgE抗体筛查结果分析

      作者：秦妍妍，杨延敏    北京丰台医院检验科，北京 100070

      卷次： 2022年33卷3期

      【摘要】 目的 分析我院就诊患者常见过敏原特异性 IgE抗体 (sIgE)分布情况，为过敏性疾病诊疗提供参考。方法 收集2019年在北京丰台医院进行过敏原检测患者6 508例，采用免疫印迹法对患者血清样本进行29种过敏原特异性 IgE抗体(sIgE)检测。结果 6 508例患者中有 2 235例患者至少有 1项过敏原检测阳性，阳性率为34.34%。检出过敏原前 5位分别为念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉(826例，12.69%)、烟曲霉(469例，7.21%)、蒿(445例，6.84%)、户尘螨(394例，6.05%)和葎草(314例，4.82%)。不同年龄组过敏原种类不同，3岁以下患者主要过敏原是鸡蛋白、念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、牛奶和烟曲霉；3~5岁患者主要过敏原是念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、鸡蛋白和蒿；6~11岁、12~18岁患者主要过敏原均是念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、葎草和蒿；19~30岁患者主要过敏原是蒿、户尘螨和粉尘螨；31~40岁和41~50岁者主要过敏原均是蒿、户尘螨和葎草；51岁以上患者主要过敏原是念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、烟曲霉和户尘螨。不同月份过敏原阳性率不同，8~10月份的蒿、葎草、悬铃木阳性率显著升高，念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、烟曲霉阳性率在6月份达一年中高峰。结论 丰台地区常见过敏原为念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、烟曲霉、蒿、户尘螨和葎草。不同年龄组、不同月份，过敏原种类分布不同，血清过敏原特异性 IgE抗体检测，有助于明确过敏原种类，为临床过敏性疾病的诊断和治疗提供实验依据。
      【关键词】 丰台地区；过敏性疾病；过敏原；特异性 IgE
      【中图分类号】 R593.1 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2022）03—0314—07

Analysis of 29 common allergen-specific IgE antibodies screening results in 6 508 in Fengtai district of Beijing.QIN Yan-yan, YANG Yan-min.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing 100070, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the distribution of specific IgE antibodies (sIgE) in common allergens in Bei-jing Fengtai Hospital and provide valuable reference for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods A totalof 6 508 patients were collected from Beijing Fengtai Hospital in 2019, and the serum samples were detected by immunob-lotting for 29 allergen-specific IgE antibodies (sIgE) in patients. Results Of the 6 508 patients, there were at least 1 aller-gen test positive in 2 235 patients, with the positive rate of 34.34%. The top 5 most commonly detected allergens were Can-dida/Penicillium/Mycobacterium/Streptomyces/Aspergillus niger (826 cases, 12.69% ), Aspergillus fumigatus (469 cases,7.21%), Artemisia (445 cases, 6.84%), household dust mites (394 cases, 6.05%), and Humulus (314 cases, 4.82%). The pos-itive rate of allergens varies among different age groups; the main allergens in patients under 3 years of age were egg pro-tein, Candida/Penicillium /Brancosporium/Cosporium alternatus/Aspergillus niger, milk and Aspergillus fumigatus; the mainallergens of 3 to 5 years old patients were Candida/Pypenicillium/Mexosporium/Cyclovir/Aspergillus niger, chicken proteinand Artemisia; the main allergens in patients of 6 to 11, 12 to 18 years old were Candida/Penicillium/Mycobacterium/Alter-naria/Aspergillus niger, Humulus and Artemisia; the main allergens in 19 to 30 years old patients were Artemisia, house dustmites and dust mites; the main allergens in 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 years old were Artemisia, house dust mites and cormo-rant; the main allergens in patients over 51 years of age were Candida/Pypenicillium/Mexosporium alternatus/Cyptosporiumalternatus/Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and mite. The positive rates of allergens were different in differentmonths; in August to October, the positive rates of Artemisia, Acanthopanax senticosus and Auricularia suspensa increasedsignificantly, while the positive rates of Candida/Penicillium/Mycobacterium/Streptomyces alternatus/Aspergillus niger andAspergillus fumigatus reached a high peak in June. Conclusion Candida/Penicillium/Mycobacterium/Streptomyces/Asper-gillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Artemisia, household dust mites and Humulus are the main allergens in Fengtai district.Allergen distribution is different in different age groups and months. Detection of serum allergen-specific IgE antibody canhelp to identify allergens and provide experimental basis for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical allergic diseases.
      【Key words】 Fengtai district; Allergic diseases; Allergens; Specific IgE (sIgE)