标题：肾移植免疫学研究进展

      作者：伊特格乐图 综述 陈国俊 审校    青海大学附属医院泌尿外科，青海 西宁 810001

      卷次： 2020年31卷20期

      【摘要】 器官移植是西方医学中治疗末期脏器的一种手段，器官移植主要包括自体移植、同系移植、同种异体移植和异种移植四类，器官移植成功与否与很多因素有关，最关键因素是受者对器官移植的排斥反应。机体的固有免疫应答和特异性免疫应答则协同参与了移植排斥反应所造成的移植物损伤。在肾脏移植后，最先引发的则是机体的固有免疫应答，造成供体的炎症反应和组织损伤，进而诱导特异性免疫应答的产生。其中，T细胞介导的细胞免疫应答在整个移植排斥反应中发挥着关键作用，主要包括Th1细胞介导的迟发型超敏反应；移植抗原激活B淋巴细胞以介导机体的体液免疫应答分泌抗体排斥移植体，但这是超急性排斥反应的主要机制特点。移植免疫学是肾脏移植的基础，探究机体对移植肾脏免疫排斥反应的形成机制和免疫抑制手段，具有重要的临床意义。本文就肾移植及免疫学研究进行综述。
      【关键词】 器官移植；细胞免疫；体液免疫；免疫排斥；移植免疫学；特异性免疫；固有免疫
      【中图分类号】 R392 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2020）20—2683—05

Advances in immunology of renal transplantation research.
Yitegeletu, CHEN Guo-jun. Department of Urology, theAffiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai, CHINA【Abstract】 Organ transplantation is a treatment for end-stage organs in modern medicine, which mainly includesautograft, syngeneic graft, allogeneic graft and xenogeneic graft. The success of organ transplantation is related to manyfactors, and the most critical factor is the recipient's rejection to organ transplantation. The innate and specific immune re-sponses of the body co-participate in graft injury caused by graft rejection. After kidney transplantation, the innate im-mune response of the body is first triggered, resulting in the graft inflammatory response and tissue damage, and then in-ducing the production of specific immune response. T cell mediated cellular immune response plays a key role in thewhole transplantation rejection, which mainly includes Th1 cell delayed hypersensitivity; transplanted antigen activatesB cells to mediate the body's humoral immune response and secrete antibodies to reject the graft, but this is the mainmechanism characteristic of hyperacute rejection. Transplantation immunology is the basis of kidney transplantation. Itis of great clinical significance to explore the formation mechanism and immunosuppressive means of immune rejectionof transplanted kidney. This article reviews the research on kidney transplantation and immunology.
      【Key words】 Organ transplantation; Cellular immune response; Humoral immune response; Immune rejection;Transplantation immunology; Specific immunity; Innate immunity·综述·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2020.20.028