标题：宝鸡市3~6岁学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态调查分析

      作者：王小红 1，毋立新 1，王佳欢 1，赵晔 1，颉延卓 2    宝鸡市妇幼保健院五官科 1、儿童生长发育科 2，陕西 宝鸡 721000

      卷次： 2020年31卷16期

      【摘要】 目的 了解宝鸡市 3~6岁学龄前儿童视力发育和屈光状态。方法 2019年 1月至 2020年 1月宝鸡市妇幼保健院采用整群抽样方法从宝鸡市 50所幼儿园抽取共 9 465名 3~6岁学龄前儿童进行裸眼视力和屈光筛。结果 9465名学龄前儿童均完成视力和屈光度测试，其中视力异常检出率为13.00% (1 230/9 465)，屈光异常检出率为14.33% (1 356/9 465)，视力异常和屈光异常检出率左右眼、男女间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；随着年龄增长，视力异常和屈光异常检出率呈下降趋势；屈光异常以远视、散光、远视+散光为主，远视、远视+散光随年龄增长呈降低趋势，近视随年龄增长呈增高趋势，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；视力异常儿童中屈光状态以远、散光、远视+散光为主，随年龄增长，远视发生率逐渐下降，近视发生率逐渐上升，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 宝鸡市 3~6岁学龄前儿童视力异常和屈光异常随着年龄增长有下降趋势，视力异常儿童屈光状态以远视、散光和远视+散光为主，随着年龄增长，远视检出率逐渐降低，近视检出率有增高趋势。
      【关键词】 宝鸡市；学龄前儿童；视力发育；近视：屈光不正：散光
      【中图分类号】 R778 【文献标识码】 D 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2020）16—2159—03

Investigation and analysis of vision and diopter of preschool children in Baoji city.
WANG Xiao-hong 1, WU Li-xin 1,WANG Jia-huan 1, ZHAO Ye 1, JIE Yan-zhuo 2. Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 1, Children's Growthand Development Department 2, Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Baoji 721000, Shaanxi, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the visual acuity and refractive status of 3-6-year-old preschool childrenin Baoji city. Methods From January 2019 to January 2020, 9 465 preschool children aged 3-6 years old from 50 kin-dergartens in Baoji city were selected by cluster sampling by Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Results Allthe 9 465 preschool children completed the test of vision and diopter. The detection rate of vision abnormality was13.00% (1 230/9 465), and the detection rate of refractive abnormality was 14.33% (1 356/9 465). The detection rate ofvision abnormality and refractive abnormality showed no significant difference between left and right eyes and betweenmales and females (P>0.05). With the increase of age, the detection rate of vision abnormality and refractive abnormalitydecreased. Hyperopia, astigmatism, hyperopia+astigmatism were the main refractive abnormalities, and hyperopia, hy-peropia+astigmatism decreased with the increase of age and myopia increased (P<0.05). In children with abnormal vi-sion, the refractive status were mainly hyperopia, astigmatism, hyperopia+astigmatism, and the incidence of hyperopiagradually increased with the increase of age and the incidence of myopia increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The detec-tion rate of abnormal vision and refraction of 3-6-year-old preschool children in Baoji city have a downward trend withthe increase of age. The main refractive states of children with abnormal vision are hyperopia, astigmatism, and hypero-pia+astigmatism. With the increase of age, the detection rate of hyperopia gradually decreases, and the detection rate ofmyopia tends to increase.
      【Key words】 Baoji city; Preschool children; Vision development; Myopia: Ametropia: Astigmatism·调查研究·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2020.16.033