标题：健康教育与健康促进在无偿献血过程中的应用

      作者：熊明，胡烨，叶春芳    韶关市中心血站成分科，广东 韶关 512026

      卷次： 2020年31卷16期

      【摘要】 目的 评价健康教育与健康促进在无偿献血过程中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2020年4月韶关市中心血站1 120例献血者的资料状况，其中2020年1~2月(健康教育与健康促进实施前)的560例献血者为对照组，2020年3~4月(实施健康教育与健康促进干预后)的560例献血者为观察组。对照组现场献血过程中仅进行常规局限、单一、泛化的健康宣传教育，观察组则现场献血过程中实施健康教育与健康促进。于献血现场比较两组献血者的无偿献血情况、无偿献血知识和法律法规知晓情况以及献血反应发生情况。结果 实施健康教育与健康促进后，观察组献血者参加机采成分血和一次献血400 mL的人数占比分别为14.64%、48.04%，明显高于对照组的3.39%、17.50%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组献血者对相关法律法规和无偿献血知识知晓、愿与亲友分享献血经历以及愿意再次献血的人数占比分别为 61.25%、52.68%、83.04%、90.18%，均显著多于对照组23.57%、26.07%、29.11%、43.39%，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组献血者的献血反应发生率为3.93%，明显低于对照组的17.50%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 无偿献血过程中的健康教育与健康促进能够降低献血反应发生程度和发生率，增强人们无偿献血意识，提高再次献血率，保障用血者安全、献血者健康。
      【关键词】 无偿献血；献血过程；健康促进；健康教育；效果
      【中图分类号】 R457 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2020）16—2123—03

Application of health education and health promotion in the process of blood donation without compensation.XIONG Ming, HU Ye, YE Chun-fang.
Shaoguan Central Blood Station, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the effect of health education and health promotion in the process of blooddonation without compensation. Methods The data of 1 120 blood donors from Shaoguan Central Blood Station dur-ing January 2020 and April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 560 blood donors from January to Febru-ary, 2020 (before the implementation of health education and health promotion) were enrolled as the control group; and560 blood donors from March to April, 2020 (after the implementation of health education and health promotion) were theobservation group. The control group only carried out routine limited, single and generalized health publicity and educa-tion during the process of on-site blood donation, while the observation group implemented health education and healthpromotion during the process of on-site blood donation. At the scene of blood donation, the situation of unpaid blood dona-tion, knowledge of unpaid blood donation, awareness of laws and regulations, and the occurrence of blood donation reac-tions were compared between the two groups. Results After the implementation of health education and health promo-tion, the proportion of people who participated in the machine blood collection and donated 400 mL once was respectively14.64% and 48.04% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than corresponding 3.39% and 17.50% in thecontrol group (P<0.05). The number of blood donors who knew about the relevant laws and regulations (61.25% vs23.57%), knew the knowledge of blood donation (52.68% vs 26.07%), were willing to share blood donation experienceswith relatives and friends (83.04% vs 29.11%), and willing to donate blood again (90.18% vs 43.39%) were significantlymore in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of blood donation reaction was 3.93% inthe observation group, which was significantly lower than 17.50% in the control group. Conclusion Health educationand health promotion during the process of unpaid blood donation can reduce the degree and incidence of blood donationreactions, enhance people's awareness of unpaid blood donation, increase the rate of re-donation, and ensure the safety ofblood users and the health of blood donors.
      【Key words】 Unpaid blood donation; Blood donation process; Health promotion; Health education; Effect·短篇论著·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2020.16.023基金项目：广东省韶关市卫生健康科研项目(编号：Y20007)