标题：外泌体提取方法及其在人类疾病中的研究进展

      作者：陈文生 综述 赵颖海 审校    广东医科大学病理系，广东 湛江 524023

      卷次： 2019年30卷22期

      【摘要】 外泌体是由多囊体经胞吐作用释放出来的直径30~150 nm小泡体。外泌体由人体各种细胞分泌，其内含有来自细胞的蛋白质、核酸和脂质等成分，参与人类疾病的发生发展过程。尤其是参与或介导肿瘤细胞生长、侵袭和迁移、耐药、免疫逃逸、细胞凋亡。外泌体有望作为疾病诊断、预后分析、监测追踪的生物标记物，治疗靶点或药物载体，并为疾病的诊断、治疗、预后分析、监测追踪提供新思路及方法。本文综述了外泌体的生物学特性、提取方法及其在人类不同疾病中的应用潜能。
      【关键词】 外泌体；生物学特性；分离方法；生物标记物；诊断
      【中图分类号】 R329.2 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2019）22—2977—04

Exosome extraction method and its research progress in human diseases.
CHEN Wen-sheng, ZHAO Ying-hai.Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, CHINA【Abstract】 Exosomes are small vesicular bodies (30 nm to 150 nm in diameter) released by exocytosis of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs). Exosomes are secreted by various cells of the human body, which contain proteins, nucleic ac-ids and lipids from cells and participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases. In particular, they partici-pate in or mediate the growth, invasion and migration, drug resistance, immune escape, and apoptosis of tumor cells.Exosomes are expected to be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis analysis, monitoring and tracking, ther-apeutic targets or drug carrier, and provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis analysis, moni-toring and tracking of diseases. This article reviews the biological characteristics and extraction methods of exosomesand their application potential in different human diseases.
      【Key words】 Exosomes; Biological characteristics; Separation methods; Biomarkers; Diagnosis·综述·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2019.22.037基金项目：广东省湛江市第二批非资助科技攻关计划项目(编号：2015B01082)