标题：榆林地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病过敏源分析

      作者：刘芳，胡成明，张艳荣    榆林市儿童医院小儿呼吸消化科，陕西 榆林 719000

      卷次： 2022年33卷6期

      【摘要】 目的 分析榆林地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病过敏源，为本地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病精准诊疗方案研究提供理论基础。方法 回顾性分析2020年2月份至2021年2月在榆林市儿童医院儿科就诊的514例呼吸道过敏患儿的临床资料，514例中男性279例，女性235例；年龄5个月~14岁，其中婴幼儿组(<3岁) 71例，学龄前期儿童组(3~6岁) 198例，学龄期儿童组(>6岁) 245例。所有患儿均行血清过敏原总 IgE抗体检测。比较不同性别患儿、不同年龄段以及不同季节患儿的过敏原检测情况。结果 514例患儿中过敏原阳性率排名前三者分别为艾蒿(71.60%)、普通豚草(43.39%)、柳树(40.27%)；屋尘、鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦面粉以及猫狗上皮亦具有较高的阳性率；而不同性别的儿童间过敏原种类阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；艾蒿、普通豚草、柳树的阳性率均随年龄增长而显著增高，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；艾蒿夏、秋季的阳性率高于春、冬季，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)，而四季普通豚草、柳树过敏原阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 陕西榆林地区儿童呼吸道过敏中以艾蒿、普通豚草、柳树最为常见；艾蒿、普通豚草、柳树的阳性率均随年龄增长而显著增高；此外，夏、秋季因艾蒿引起的呼吸道过敏较为常见；临床可具体提出针对性的预防措施。
      【关键词】 榆林地区；儿童；呼吸道过敏；过敏源；分布；特点
      【中图分类号】 R725.6 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1003—6350（2022）06—0775—03

Analysis of allergens of respiratory allergic diseases in children in Yulin area.
LIU Fang, HU Cheng-ming, ZHANGYan-rong. Department of Pediatric Respiratory and Gastroenterology, Yulin Children's Hospital, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi,CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the allergens of allergic respiratory diseases in children in Yulin area, and toprovide theoretical basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergic diseases in children in this area.Methods The clinical data of 514 children with respiratory allergies treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Yulin Chil-dren's Hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 279 males and 235 fe-males in 514 cases. The age range of the 514 children was 5 months to 14 years old, including 71 cases in infants group(<3 years old), 198 cases in preschool children group (3 to 6 years old), 245 cases in school age group (>6 years old).The total IgE antibody of serum allergen was detected in all children. The results of allergen test were compared betweenchildren of different genders, different ages groups and differen seasons. Results The top three allergen positive ratesof 514 children were Artemisia argyi (71.60%), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (43.39%), and willow (40.27%). The positive ratesof house dust, eggs, milk, wheat flour, cat and dog epithelium were also high. There was no significant difference in thepositive rate of allergen types between children of different genders (P>0.05). The positive rates of Artemisia argyi, Am-brosia artemisiifolia and willow all increased significantly with age, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rate of Artemisia argyi in summer and autumn was higher than that in spring and winter, with statisti-cally significant differences (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the allergen positive rates of Am-brosia artemisiifolia and willow (P>0.05). Conclusion Artemisia argyi, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and willow are the mostcommon allergens among children with respiratory allergies in Yulin, Shaanxi Province. The positive rates of Artemisiaargyi, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and willow all increased significantly with age. In addition, the respiratory tract allergycaused by Artemisia argyi is more common in summer and autumn, so specific preventive measures should be put for-ward in clinic.
      【Key words】 Yulin area; Children; Respiratory tract allergy; Allergens; Distribution; Characteristic　　　·短篇论著·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2022.06.027